Triptans (Serotonin Receptor Agonists) are a family of tryptamine-based drugs used as abortive medication in the treatment of acute migraines and cluster headaches. Sumatriptan, the original Triptans preparation, has been in general use since 1993. They act directly to control the serotonin imbalance, which is believed to cause a migraine attack and, therefore, address all symptoms. They also cause the blood vessels around the brain to narrow and this reverses the widening of blood vessels that is believed to root migraine. For many people, these drugs bring significant relief, but they are not suitable for everyone. There are seven types of Triptans in the market:
- Sumatriptan (Imigran)
- Naratritan (Naramig)
- Zolmitriptan (Zomig)
- Rizatriptan (Maxalt)
- Almotriptan (Almogran)
- Frovatriptan (Migard)
- Eletriptan (Relpax)
Triptans are not recommended for people under the age of 18. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding should not use these drugs. Common side effects of triptans include warm-sensations, tingling, flushing, tightness and feelings of heaviness in the face, limbs or chest. Some people also experience nausea, dry mouth and drowsiness. These side effects are usually mild and improve on their own.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about taking SSRIs or SNRIs (used for depression, anxiety, pain, migraine) with Triptans. Taking these medicines together can cause a very rare but serious condition called Serotonin Syndrome.